From what I understand the “Call Workflow” node at the beginning would call a workflow so this might result in a cascading call. If this is not the intention the you might want to change that.
To be honest I have not fully figured the call workflow business out but I have constructed an example that calls local workflows from a list and is able to iterate that. The data sent back is just a structured information in JSON format but might as well be an Output (Table)
Another remark: there should be a log file entry in the central knime.log maybe you could look again if you see something that might give us a hint.
Then there is a Python script in the subworkflow. Initially I do not see why a sub workflow might not be able to handle Python scripts. But do the other sub workflows that work also have Python scripts.