From what I see there should be a way to use R do help you with your tasks.
The documentation recommends a R package “raster”
https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/software.html#R
The package is especially useful for large datasets that don’t fit into memory, because data is processed in chunks.
Then there seems to be a package that does load the data into postgres database. You would have to see if you could combine the two and if they can handle the size.
https://rdrr.io/cran/rpostgis/man/pgWriteRast.html
And then you might see if you could use KNIME as an interface to control your R code. Or you could see if you could use the database nodes to handle the output from the first package (I have not checked that).
Or this package promises to provide an interface between R and Postgis.