Hi @KasimirNepomuk unfortunately the link to that topic that you posted leads to some slightly misleading information (it refers to a microsoft-specific page on wildcards, rather than KNIME usage)
Wildcards in KNIME are only * for any number of any characters, and ? for any single character
Regular expressions give you more fine-tuned control, and if you want to match to any string beginning with a number, you could use something like this:
^[0-9].*
^ = start of string
[0-9] = any single character in the range 0-9 (i.e. a digit)
.* = 0,1 or more characters
The exact syntax used can vary slightly when using scripting nodes, especially if your regular expression contains the \ character, which is why, for simplicity I prefer to use [0-9] for my digits instead of the synonymous \d that others may prefer/suggest 