Once you know the seconds since midnight represented here as $calctime$, then the seconds since midnight for the next quarter hour (rounding up if the time is not on the quarter hour) can be found using the formula below:
floor((abs($calctime$) + 899) / 900) * 900
In the above…
900 = seconds in a quarter hour
899 = seconds in a quarter hour minus 1 second
This adds 899 seconds, and then rounds down to the previous quarter hour, which has the overall effect of rounding up, unless the time is already on the quarter hour
After this, the Unix Timestamp to Date&Time node can turn seconds since midnight back into a time.