good job, you have already tested all possible solutions that are mentioned in your case. Could you please provide the server logs, I will have a look at the specific error? You can download them on the web portal/Administration panel logged in as a KNIME admin. I will send you a PM how to provide the file.
Go to Signing in to Google
Here you must set 2 things:
a. Set-up 2-step verification. This will either make you verify through a mobile or other method
b. Set-up an App Password. This will generate a new password for you - specific to use with an external app. It should look like this:
Next, go to the KNIME workflow, use the Credentials configuration node to feed the Send Email node - but use the Google App Password instead of the regular email password!
This setup should work with both AP and Server!
If there is any issue with running on Server then double check Server Execution Options - potentially the App password will need to be entered here too:
Hope this helps someone else facing this challenge.
Now, to figure out the Microsoft Exchange and Yahoo sending methods
Thanks @supersharp for the great and detailed explanation. I thought this would only the preferred method if the two factor authorization is already active.